Improving the long-term survival and quality of life for patients with single-ventricle heart disease remains the single greatest unmet need in pediatric heart surgery and pediatric cardiology. Although the surgical outcomes of single-ventricle palliation have been celebrated and have steadily improved over time, the unsightly truth is that the Fontan circulation is a grossly abnormal circulatory configuration, which leads to a myriad of progressive, debilitating, and ultimately fatal medical problems that accumulate over time.
