Congenital: Fontan
Elucidating the mechanisms of infective endocarditis in bovine jugular vein conduits: Are we any closer?
Multiple reports have raised concerns regarding the high rates of late endocarditis in bovine jugular vein (BJV) grafts used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction as conduits1,2 (Figure 1) or as percutaneously placed stent-mounted valves.3,4 The pathophysiologic mechanisms for these findings remain unclear.
